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{"id":9945,"date":"2020-04-09T03:37:27","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T10:37:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/voynichportal.com\/?p=9945"},"modified":"2020-04-16T05:38:23","modified_gmt":"2020-04-16T12:38:23","slug":"clearing-up-the-mystery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/voynichportal.com\/2020\/04\/09\/clearing-up-the-mystery\/","title":{"rendered":"Clearing up the Mystery…"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

8<\/strike><\/font> 9 April 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Web search led me to this University of Florida News<\/em> article<\/a> about a “secret code” in a mid-13th-century manuscript:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medieval book\u2019s secret code remains unbroken<\/strong><\/em>
…<\/strong><\/em> Somewhere during its journey through medieval Europe, several people wrote notes in the margins of the book. The notes in brown ink are mostly Roman numerals, but the writing in red \u2014 which, from the style of the letters, seems to be from the fourteenth century \u2014 is mysterious. Some of the scribbles seem to be words, but they\u2019re illegible. Others form a cryptic code of repeating letters….”<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Here’s a screensnap that illustrates the notes in red ink. They are on almost every folio in the first half of the book, but become less frequent after page 100:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"University
A folio from a mid-13th-century manuscript with two columns of text in black ink, with notes in red ink in the margins [Source: Harold and Mary Jean Hanson Rare Book Collection<\/em> ] <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

I scanned through the manuscript from beginning to end looking for ciphertext or anything that might be considered as “secret code”. I couldn’t find any. I agree that the glosses are probably in 14th-century script, but I don’t agree that it’s illegible (except in places where the ink has worn off). It is somewhat messy, but mostly readable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The red text is not ciphertext and I don’t think what resembles a cipher list at the end is necessarily related to the red text in the margins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Text in Red Ink<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

So what are the marks in red? They’re citations, cross-references. They follow a fairly regular format. Here’s an example, and below the screensnap I’ll give a breakdown of the parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Detail<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The first symbol in each line is a paragraph-reference marker. These symbols are found in a variety of languages that use the Latin character-set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paragraph markers are recognizable because many are constructed using a loop or semi-circle or two, plus a line or two. If the line passes through a semi-circle, it looks a bit like a pitchfork. Sometimes a plus-symbol or hook-shape will be added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This combination of shapes makes them sufficiently different from Latin letters that they can be added to the manuscript in the same color ink as the main text, and still be spotted without too much trouble. They mark passages-of-interest pointing to specific notes in the margins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is an example from another manuscript. To modern eyes, the reference symbol in the bottom-left might look like a Venus symbol, but that is a coincidence. It looks like this because it dips into the same storehouse of components as the paragraph markers above\u2014in this case, a loop and plus-symbol:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Example
In the lower-left is a marginal note preceded by a medieval paragraph-reference symbol. These symbols were frequently comprised of loops, lines, and what we call the plus-symbol. They were attached to each other in different ways to provide a storehouse big enough so they could be added in numerous places without being redundant. Some writers would recycle the symbols each time the page was turned, other writers would create new combinations until they reached the end of the section. [Manuscript source: Vatican Vat.lat.1960]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Here is a simpler version from an earlier folio in the same manuscript:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Paragraph-reference<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sometimes the reference symbols are more complex. This often happens if there are many notes and uniqueness is desired. Some writers recycled the same markers on the next folio, others added new ones until they reached the end of a section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The example below is composed of a semi-circle, line, and hook-shape. You can see the symbol next to the marginal note and in the passage it references in the main text to the right:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Paragraph-reference-marker
Example of a paragraph-reference symbol in a medieval manuscript that connects a passage of text to a marginal note. [Source: MS Cotton Domitian A ix]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Tranchedino collection of diplomatic ciphers includes many of these paragraph markers as cipher symbols. Since they are numerous, they are a convenient source for glyph-shapes. Often they have been combined with regular Latin letters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the U of F manuscript is not ciphertext. It’s Latin. So let’s look at the rest of the line of cryptic text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n